ASL STEM

Outgroup Comparison Sign Video

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Definition

A method for determining the polarity of a character in cladistic analysis of a taxonomic group. Character states found within the group being studied are judged ancestral it they occur also in related taxa outside the study group (= outgroups); character states that occur only within the taxon being studied but not in outgroups are judged to have been derived evolutionarily within the group being studied.

Source: Hickman, C.P., et al. 2011. Integrated Principles of Zoology. Fifteenth Edition. McGraw-Hill Higher Education.

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> Outgroup Comparison

+ Character Displacement

+ Hybridization *

+ Exponential Growth

+ Directional Selection

+ Transcription

+ Genetic Code *

+ Primary Structure

+ Polymorphism *

+ Semelparity *

+ Sexual Selection

+ Survivorship *

+ Asymmetric Competition

+ Chemoautotroph

+ Dominance Hierarchy

+ Density Independent

+ Evolutionary Stable Strategy

+ Limiting Resource

+ Iteroparity *

+ Inclusive Fitness

+ Photosynthesis

+ Parthenogenesis *

+ Photoautotroph *

+ Preadaptation *

+ Thermocline *

+ Activation Energy

+ Covalent Bond

+ Incomplete Dominance

+ Barrier Reef *

+ Chloroplast *

+ Biogeochemical Cycle

+ Intertidal Zone *

+ Plate Tectonics *

+ Phylogenetic Tree

+ Trophic Level

+ Nitrogen Fixation

+ Primary Producer

+ Fermentation *

+ Messenger Rna (M Rna)

+ Recombinant Dna

+ Metamorphosis

+ Cyanobacteria

+ Mitochondrion

+ Hypertrophy *

+ Acetylcholinesterase *

+ Appendicular *

+ Endocytosis *

+ Hypothalamus *

+ Pericardium *

+ Phagocytosis *

+ Tropomyosin *

+ Vocal Cords *

+ Accessory (Coreceptor) Molecule *

+ Abyssal Plain *

+ Acanthodians *

+ Accessory (Branchial) Heart *

+ Accessory Organ *

+ Acclimatization *

+ Definitive Host *

+ Delayed Type Hypersensitivity *

+ Osmoregulation *

+ Anthracosaurs *

+ Aboral Sense Organ

+ Amniotic Egg *

+ Amphiblastula *

+ Amphiphilic *

+ Anisogametes *

+ Actinotroch *

+ Actomyosin System *

+ Acrocentric *

+ Action Potential

+ Acetyl Coenzyme A *

+ Adaptive Zone

+ Adaptive Radiation

+ Active Transport

+ Adenosine Phosphate *

+ Adhesive Sac *

+ Age Structure

+ Agonistic Behavior

+ Alcoholic Fermentation *

+ Aldosterone *

+ Alimentary Canal *

+ Allelic Frequency *

+ Antennal Gland *

+ Alternative Pathway *

+ Altruistic Behavior *

+ Ameboid Movement *

+ Ameiotic Parthenogenesis *

+ Anaphylaxis *

+ Anastomosis *

+ Androgenic Gland *

+ Angiotensin *

+ Antigenic Determinant *

+ Antigen Presenting Cell *

+ Antimicrobial Peptides *

+ Apical Complex *

+ Archaeocytes *

+ Archenteron *

+ Archinephros *

+ Arginine Phosphate *

+ Aristotle's Latern *

+ Atherosclerosis *

+ Auricularia *

+ Autotrophic Nutrition *

+ Avicularium *

+ Basis, Basipodite *

+ Batesian Mimicry *

+ Bathypelagic *

+ Behavioral Syndrome *

+ Behavioral Ecology *

+ Biological Species Concept *

+ Binary Fission

+ Bohr Effect *

+ Brachiation *

+ Brachiolaria *

+ Brown Bodies *

+ Calciferous Glands *

+ Catadromous *

+ Catastrophic Species Selection *

+ Catch Collagen *

+ Cell Mediated Immune Response *

+ Center Of Origin *

+ Centrolecithal *

+ Cephalization *

+ Cephalothorax *

+ Chlorocruorin *

+ Chlorogogen Cells *

+ Choanoblast *

+ Choanoflagellate *

+ Cholinergic *

+ Chorioallantoic Membrane *

+ Chorioallantoic Placenta *

+ Coelenteron *

+ Chorionic Villi *

+ Choriovitelline Placenta *

+ Chromatophore

+ Intercellular *

+ Coelomocyte *

+ Coelomoduct *

+ Coenecium, Coenoecium *

+ Coenenchyme *

+ Cohesion Species Concept *

+ Collar Cells *

+ Collar Bodies *

+ Collenchyme *

+ Common Descent *

+ Comparative Biochemistry *

+ Comparative Cytology *

+ Comparative Morphology *

+ Comparative Psychology *

+ Conditional Specification *

+ Conspecific *

+ Continental Margin *

+ Coxa, Coxopodite *

+ Complementary *

+ Contractile Vacuole *

+ Complementary Dna (C Dna)

+ Competition *

+ Competitive Exclusion *

+ Conus Arteriosus *

+ Cooperative Behavior *

+ Coralline Algae *

+ Corpora Allata *

+ Corpora Cardiaca *

+ Cosmopolitan *

+ Creatine Phosphate *

+ Cretaceous Extinction *

+ Ctenoid Scales *

+ Cutaneous Respiration *

+ Cuvierian Tubules *

+ Cycloid Scales *

+ Cydippid Larva *

+ Cysticercoid *

+ Cytokinesis *

+ Cytopharynx *

+ Cytoplasmic Specification *

+ Cytotoxic T Cells *

+ Dactylozooid *

+ Dendritic Cell *

+ Density Dependent *

+ Deoxyribose *

+ Depolarization *

+ Derived Character State *

+ Dermal Ostia *

+ Deposit Feeders

+ Deuterostomia *

+ Disaccharides *

+ Discoidal Cleavage *

+ Disruptive Selection *

+ Digitigrade *

+ Diphycercal *

+ Diploblastic *

+ Direct Development *

+ Disjunct Distribution *

+ Dna Barcoding

+ Dual Gland Adhesive Organs *

+ Down Syndrome

+ Ecdysiotropin *

+ Ecdysozoan Protostome *

+ Ecological Community *

+ Ecological Pyramid *

+ Ectognathous *

+ Ectolecithal *

+ Ectoparasite *

+ Effect Macroevolution *

+ Elephantiasis *

+ Eltonian Pyramid *

+ Embryogenesis *

+ Endochondral *

+ Endognathous *

+ Endolecithal *

+ Endometrium *

+ Endoparasite *

+ Endopod, Endopodite *

+ Endopterygote *

+ Endothelium *

+ Energy Budget *

+ Endosymbiosis

+ Endoplasmic Reticulum (Er)

+ Epigenetics *

+ Epipod, Epipodite *

+ Erythroblastosis Fetalis *

+ Erythrocyte *

+ Spongioblast *

+ Estrous Cycle *

+ Euchromatin *

+ Euryphagous *

+ Evagination *

+ Evolutionary Duration *

+ Evolutionary Sciences *

+ Exopterygote *

+ Evolutionary Species Concept *

+ Evolutionary Taxonomy *

+ Evolvability *

+ Excision Repair *

+ Exopod, Exopodite *

+ Experimental Method *

+ Experimental Sciences *

+ Exteroceptor *

+ Extrinsic Factor *

+ Female Defense Polygyny *

+ Filter Feeding *

+ Food Vacuole *

+ Foraminiferan *

+ Free Living *

+ Fringing Reef *

+ Frontal Plane *

+ Fundamental Niche *

+ Gametic Meiosis *

+ Ganoid Scales *

+ Gap Junction *

+ Gastroderrnis *

+ Gastrovascular Cavity *

+ Gastrozooid *

+ Gastrulation *

+ Gated Channels *

+ General Area Cladogram *

+ Genetic Drift *

+ Growth Rate *

+ Geographic Range *

+ Germinal Vesicle *

+ Germinative Zone *

+ Germovitellarium *

+ Golgi Complex *

+ Hyperparasitism *

+ Isolecithal *

+ Gluconeogenesis

+ Gnathostomes *

+ Gross Productivity *

+ Ground Substance *

+ Group Selection *

+ Gynandromorph *

+ Granular Glands *

+ Granulocytes *

+ Green Gland *

+ Gynecophoric Canal *

+ Habitat Fragmentation *

+ Habituation *

+ Haplodiploidy *

+ Hectocotylus *

+ Hemal System *

+ Hemerythrin *

+ Hemidesmosome *

+ Hemimetabolous *

+ Hermaphrodite *

+ Heterocercal *

+ Heterochromatin *

+ Heterochrony *

+ Heterolobosea *

+ Heterostracans *

+ Hierarchical System *

+ High Heat Of Vaporization *

+ High Specific Heat Capacity *

+ High Surface Tension *

+ Histogenesis *

+ Holoblastic Cleavage *

+ Holometabolous *

+ Holophytic Nutrition *

+ Holozoic Nutrition *

+ Hydatid Cyst *

+ Hydrocaulus *

+ Hydrocorals *

+ Homeothermic *

+ Homolog, Homologue *

+ Hyperpolarization *

+ Humoral Immune Response *

+ Hydrogenosome *

+ Hydrostatic Pressure *

+ Hydrostatic Skeleton *

+ Hydrothermal Vent *

+ Hyomandibular *

+ Hyperosmotic *

+ Hypoosmotic *

+ Hypothetico Deductive Method *

+ Ichthyosaur *

+ Immediate Hypersensitivity *

+ Immunoglobulin *

+ Interbreeding Population *

+ Indeterminate Cleavage *

+ Indirect Development *

+ Infraciliature *

+ Infundibulum *

+ Inheritance Of Acq Character *

+ Interferons *

+ Intermediate Filaments *

+ Interleukin *

+ Interleukin 1 *

+ Interleukin 2 *

+ Intermediary Meiosis *

+ Intermediate Host *

+ Internal Nostrils *

+ Interstitial *

+ Intracellular *

+ Invagination *

+ Intrinsic Growth Rate *

+ Keystone Species *

+ Kinetochore *

+ Kinetodesma *

+ Kinetoplast *

+ Kin Selection *

+ Jacobson's Organ *

+ Juxtaglomerular Apparatus *

+ Kelp Forest *

+ Kupffer Cells *

+ Kwashiorkor *

+ Labyrinthodont *

+ Lachrymal Glands *

+ Lacunar System *

+ Lateral Line System

+ Law Of Independent Assortment *

+ Microgamete *

+ Law Of Segregation *

+ Lecithotrophy *

+ Leishmaniasis *

+ Lepidosaurs *

+ Lepospondyls *

+ Leptocephalus *

+ Linkage, Linked *

+ Lipid, Lipoid *

+ Lissamphibia *

+ Lithosphere *

+ Lophotrochozoan Protostome *

+ Low Viscosity *

+ Microevolution *

+ Macroevolution *

+ Male Dominance Polygyny *

+ Melanophore *

+ Membranelle *

+ Membrane Potential *

+ Mesopelagic *

+ Metacentric *

+ Metacercaria *

+ Macrogamete *

+ Macronucleus *

+ Madreporite *

+ Malpighian Tubules *

+ Mangrove Community *

+ Mass Extinction *

+ Mehlis' Gland *

+ Memory Cells *

+ Menstruation *

+ Meroblastic *

+ Mesolecithal *

+ Mesonephros *

+ Metanephridium *

+ Metanephros *

+ Metapopulation Dynamics *

+ Microglial Cells *

+ Microfilament *

+ Microfilariae *

+ Mineralocorticoids *

+ Micronucleus *

+ Microsporidian *

+ Mixed Temperate Forest *

+ Monohybrid Cross *

+ Multiple Fission *

+ Mononuclear Phagocyte System *

+ Monosaccharide *

+ Monosomy, Monosomic *

+ Morphogenesis *

+ Morphogenetic Determinant *

+ Mosaic Development *

+ Mullerian Mimicry *

+ Mulller's Larva *

+ Multiplication Of Species *

+ Mushroom Bodies *

+ Nephrostome *

+ Natural Killer Cells *

+ Neo Darwinism *

+ Neoplastic Growth *

+ Neopterygian *

+ Nephridiopore *

+ Nested Hierarchy *

+ Neural Crest *

+ Neural Spine *

+ Neuropodium *

+ Neurosecretory Cell *

+ Niche Overlap *

+ Nictitating Membrane *

+ Nitrogenous Base *

+ Net Productivity *

+ Nondisjunction *

+ Nucleoplasm *

+ Plasmalemma *

+ Nuptial Flight *

+ Nucleic Acid *

+ Nucleoprotein *

+ Nurse Cells *

+ Odontophore *

+ Olfactory Epithelium *

+ Oncomiracidium *

+ Opisthaptor *

+ Opisthokont *

+ Opisthonephros *

+ Opisthosoma *

+ Opsonization *

+ Orthogenesis *

+ Osteostracans *

+ Ostracoderm *

- Outgroup Comparison *

+ Osmotic Pressure *

+ Ovoviviparity *

+ Oxidative (Aerobic) Metabolism *

+ Oxidative Phosphorylation *

+ P53 Protein *

+ Paedomorphosis *

+ Parabasal Bodies *

+ Parabasalid *

+ Parabronchi *

+ Paramylon Granules *

+ Parapatric Speciation *

+ Pedal Laceration *

+ Parasympathetic *

+ Parenchymula *

+ Particulate Inheritance *

+ Pedicellaria *

+ Pentamerous Symmetry *

+ Peptide Bond *

+ Perennibranchiate *

+ Periostracum *

+ Pentadactyl *

+ Perissodactyl *

+ Peristomium *

+ Permian Extinction *

+ Perpetual Change *

+ P H (Potential Of Hydrogen) *

+ Phenetic Taxonomy *

+ Phyllopodium *

+ Phenotypic Gradualism *

+ Phosphate Group *

+ Phototrophs *

+ Phyletic Gradualism *

+ Phylogenetic Species Concept *

+ Phosphorylation *

+ Polyphyletic *

+ Phytoflagellates *

+ Phytophagous *

+ Pinocytosis *

+ Placentotrophy *

+ Placoid Scale *

+ Plantigrade *

+ Plasma Cell *

+ Plasma Membrane *

+ Pleiotropy, Pleiotropic *

+ Plesiomorphic *

+ Pneumatophore *

+ Pneumostome *

+ Polarization *

+ Polian Vesicles *

+ Polyembryony *

+ Polymerase Chain Reaction

+ Polygenic Inheritance *

+ Poikilothermic *

+ Polymerization *

+ Polynucleotide *

+ Polypeptide *

+ Polyphyodont *

+ Polysaccharide *

+ Polysome (Polyribosome) *

+ Polytene Chromosomes *

+ Populational Gradualism *

+ Portal System *

+ Positive Assortative Mating *

+ Preformation *

+ Premunition *

+ Primary Bilateral Symmetry *

+ Primary Heterotroph *

+ Prebiotic Synthesis *

+ Predaceous, Predacious *

+ Primary Organizer *

+ Primary Radial Symmetry *

+ Progesterone *

+ Proprioceptor *

+ Prostaglandins *

+ Protein Polymorphism *

+ Prothoracic Glands *

+ Protandrous *

+ Pseudocoelom *

+ Pseudocoelomate *

+ Pseudopodium *

+ Punctuated Equilibrium *

+ Quaternary Structure *

+ Radial Canals *

+ Proventriculus *

+ Radial Cleavage *

+ Radial Symmetry *

+ Radiolarian *

+ Prothoracicotropic Hormone *

+ Prothrombin *

+ Protocooperation *

+ Protonephridium *

+ Protopod, Protopodite *

+ Protostomia *

+ Reciprocal Altruism *

+ Regulative Development *

+ Reproductive Barrier *

+ Restriction Endonuclease *

+ Rheoreceptor *

+ Ras Protein *

+ Realized Niche *

+ Receptor Mediated Endocytosis *

+ Relative Fitness *

+ Reproductive Community *

+ Repugnatorial Glands *

+ Resource Defense Polygyny *

+ Rete Mirabile *

+ Reticuloendothelial System *

+ Reticulopodia *

+ Retortamonad *

+ Ribosomal Rna (R Rna) *

+ Ritualization *

+ Rna Polymerase *

+ Rhipidistian *

+ Rhynchocoel *

+ Ribonucleic Acid (Rna) *

+ Rotational Cleavage *

+ Round Dance *

+ Saprophagous *

+ Saprozoic Nutrition *

+ Saturated Fatty Acid *

+ Sauropterygians *

+ Scleroblast *

+ Sclerotization *

+ Scyphistoma *

+ Siphonoglyph *

+ Schistosomiasis *

+ Schizocoelous Mesoderm Formation *

+ Scientific Revolution *

+ Sea Grass Bed *

+ Secondary Induction *

+ Secondary Structure *

+ Segment Polarity Genes *

+ Selectively Permeable *

+ Seminiferous Tubules *

+ Semipermeable *

+ Sensitization *

+ Septal Filament *

+ Sequential Hermaphrodite *

+ Set (Of Chromosomes) *

+ Sociobiology *

+ Sibling Species *

+ Sickle Cell Anemia *

+ Sign Stimulus *

+ Sinoatrial Node (Sa) *

+ Sister Group *

+ Smallest Distinct Groupings *

+ Socially Coordinated Behavior *

+ Somatoplasm *

+ Southern Evergreen Forests *

+ Source Deme *

+ Species Diversity *

+ Species Epithet *

+ Species Selection *

+ Spemann Organizer *

+ Spermatheca *

+ Spermatocyte *

+ Spermatogenesis *

+ Spermatogonium *

+ Spermatophore *

+ Spiral Cleavage *

+ Spiral Valve *

+ Superficial Cleavage *

+ Squamous Epithelium *

+ Stabilizing Selection *

+ Stenohaline *

+ Stenophagous *

+ Stereogastrula *

+ Stereotyped Behavior *

+ Stramenopile *

+ Strobilation *

+ Structural Gene *

+ Suspension Feeder *

+ Swim Bladder *

+ Sympatric Speciation *

+ Symplesiomorphy *

+ Zoecium, Zooecium *

+ Synapomorphy *

+ Synaptonemal Complex *

+ Syncytial Specification *

+ Systematics *

+ Systematization *

+ Taxonomic Rank *

+ T Cell Receptors *

+ Tectorial Membrane *

+ Telencephalon *

+ Telocentric *

+ Tagmatization *

+ Telolecithal *

+ Temnospondyls *

+ Temporary Land Bridge *

+ Tentaculocyst *

+ Tertiary Structure *

+ Tiedemann's Bodies *

+ Tight Junction *

+ Trophoblast *

+ Toll Like Receptors (Tl Rs) *

+ Xanthophore *

+ Tympanic Membrance *

+ Trabecular Reticulum *

+ Tracheal System *

+ Transcription Factor *

+ Trans Regulatory *

+ Trophallaxis *

+ Tumor Necrosis Factor *

+ Type Specimen *

+ Transformational Theory *

+ Transporter *

+ Transverse Plane *

+ Trichinosis *

+ Triglyceride *

+ Triploblastic *

+ Ultimate Cause *

+ Trochophore *

+ Trophozoite *

+ Tube Feet (Podia) *

+ Tumor Suppressor Gene *

+ Undulating Membrane *

+ Uniformitarianism *

+ Variational Theory Of Evolution *

+ Typological Species Concept *

+ Unique Density Behavior *

+ Unsaturated Fatty Acid *

+ Vegetal Pole *

+ Vitelline Membrane *

+ Waggle Dance *

+ Vicariance Biogeography *

+ Vicariant Speciation *

+ Water Vascular System *

+ Zooflagellates *

+ Zooxanthella *

+ Amphipathic *

+ Recapitulation *

+ Biogenetic Law *

+ Blepharoplast *

+ Caecum, Cecum *

+ Zygotic Meiosis *

+ Facilitated Diffusion *

+ Facilitated Transport *

+ Proximate Cause *

+ Immediate Cause *

+ Intermediate Inheritance *

+ Major Histocompatibility Complex *

+ Microvillus *

+ Morphological Species Concept *

+ Juvenile Hormone *

+ Phylogenetic Systematics *

+ Proto Oncogene *

+ Quantitative Inheritance *

+ Vitelline Gland *

+ Sex Chromosomes

+ 3' End (Three Prime End)

+ Carrying Capacity

+ Chromosomal Theory

+ Biradial Symmetry

+ Bilateral Cleavage

+ Determinate Cleavage

+ Adhesion Junction

+ Crossing Over

+ Binomial Nomenclature

+ Average Effect

+ Climax Community

+ Double Circulation

+ Eukaryote, Eukaryotic

+ Prokaryote, Prokaryotic

+ Allopatric Speciation

+ Disulfide Bond

+ Cis Regulation

+ Condensation Reaction

+ Deoxyribonucleic Acid (Dna)

+ Homeotic Genes *

+ 1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D3

+ Carbohydrates

+ Transfer Rna (T Rna)

+ Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium

+ Hydrogen Bond

+ Vegetal Plate *

+ Irritability *

+ Commensalism *

+ Synchronous Hermaphrodite *

* video needed

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